In the 1930s, banks and the government used color-coded maps to deny home loans in Black and immigrant neighborhoods. That is known as redlining; It is the discriminatory practice of denying services, particularly in housing, to residents of certain neighborhoods based on their racial or ethnic makeup, resulting in systemic inequality and segregation. 

Urban transformation happens when wealthier residents move in, altering the landscape and community dynamics. While it can improve infrastructure and property values, it may displace long-time residents and impact cultural identity. Urban planners and local governments must balance economic development with community preservation.